Starting in 2019, the Group will present each of these markets with a fully integrated range of offerings including low carbon electricity, a charging solution for all its customers with access to a parking space, and services geared towards optimised charging and use of the vehicle's battery... EDF Renewables North America holds a minority interest in NUVVE, a Californian start-up based in San Diego specialising in the aggregation and harnessing of flexible solutions for energy markets, associated with the charging of electric vehicles.